A STUDY ON STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER

 A STUDY ON STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER 

June 20, 2023

Anie kuriyan 

Student teacher, HM training college Muvattupuzha 

 

Abstract 

The aim of all water purification for drinking purposes is to produce a clear, tasteless water free from harmful bacteria. The very best methods of filtration can only bring about a reduction of 98 per cent of the total number of bacteria present in the water. In order to remove the remaining 2 per cent of bacteria, and thus render the water perfectly safe, a process of sterilization must be carried out.Many methods have been devised to carry out the complete sterilization of water.Chlorine, either as the free element or combined, as in bleaching powder, is the chemical which is most largely used.The amount of bleaching powder required varies according to the impurities present in the water.The present study used the method of titration to find out the amount of bleaching powder required to disinfect different samples of water.

 

INTRODUCTION

Water is an important and a essential ingredient in our quest for survival in this planet. It is very essential for carrying out various metabolic processes in our body. Life without water is not possible. We need it for many things. Moreover, we need clean water to lead a healthy life.

In order to fulfill a huge demand of water It needs to be purified and is supplied on a orderly and systematic way. But with increasing world population, the demand for drinking water has also increased dramatically and therefore it is very essential to identify the sources of water from which we can use for drinking purpose. Me the available resources of water do not have it in a drinkable form. He either it contains excessive salt or impurities or foreign particles and unsafe for use.

Water is called the universal solvent because it is capable of dissolving more substances. It means that water taken up minerals and nutrients from where it grow through.Water resources are sources of water that are potentially useful. Uses of water include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. All living things require water to grow and reproduce. 97 percentage of the water on earth is salt, water and only three percentage is freshwater, remaining and frozen. Freshwater is in the form of groundwater, with only a small fraction present in the air freshwater is a movable resource, at the worlds supply of groundwater is steadily, decreasing, with the depletion of curing most prominently in Asia, South America, North America, although it is still unclear how much natural renewable balances its usage and weather echo systems are threatened. The major sources of freshwater or surface water, underwater, river flow, groundwater and the rain.Drinking water is water safe enough to be consumed by humans or used with low risk immediate or long harmful. It is also called a portable water where the word portable come from the latin word “potabilis” meaning drinkable.

Over large parts of the world, human have inadequate access to acceptable water and use contaminated water with the disease, vectors, pathogens or unacceptable level of toxins. drinking, or using such water and food leads to widespread, acute and chronic illness and is a major cause of death and misery in many countries.Water is a sensual for life. The amount of drinking water required is variable. It depends on physical activities, age, health issues and the environmental conditions, water made up of 60 percentage of weight in human so this itself shows the importance of fresh and clean water intake.

So this project look at the technique called sterilization of water by using bleaching powder, which is used to purify water and make it for drinking.

 

OBJECTIVES 

· To improve quality of water.

· To produce water fit for purpose,

· To remove unpleasant taste, and hinder disinfection

· To remove iron and magnesium ions from water,

· To eliminate or neutralize, slime, bacteria, mould and algae that commonly grow in water supply resources

· Reduce many disagreeable taste and odor.

 

HYPOTHESIS 

· There are impurities present in every water resources

· Distilled water is pure than water in natural water resources

· Natural water resources may contain harmful chemicals

 

NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE

All plants and animals need water to survive. Therefore it is very essential to protect water resources. But day after day water bodies got contaminated as a result of human activities. So the water bodies got polluted and include a wide range of chemicals and a pathogen as well as physical para meters, and this water does not support a human usability such as drinking water it cannot be used without purifying.

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants., Solids and gases from water, the goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Purify water reduces the contamination of particular matter. There are many methods of purification of water. Those are;

Boiling

Filtration.

Distillation.

Desalination

SODIS

Bleaching powder treatment.

 

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

This study is to determine the dosage of bleaching powder required to sterilize different samples of water . Hence it is entitled as “ A STUDY ON STERILIZATION OF WATER USING BLEACHING POWDER”

 

METHODOLOGY

Preparation of Na2S2O3

Take 124 g of sodium thiosulphate and mix it in about 250 ML of water. Then the mixture is dial out to make the volume 500 ML.

Preparation of 10 percentage KI solution

Take 25 g of KI powder and mix it in about hundred ML of water, then dilute the mixture to make the volume to 50 ML and take it in a standard flask.

Preparation of one percentage bleaching powder solution.

About 5 g of bleaching powder is weighed and mix it in about 200 ML of distilled water in a conical flask and shaken vigorously. It is then fill dirt through glass rod in standard flask of 500 ML and filtrate is diluted with water to make the volume 500 ML. The octane the solution is one percentage bleaching powder solution.

Preparation of starch solution.

Take about 1 g of soluble starch and 10 ML of distilled water in a beaker, mix vigorously to obtain a paste. For the paste in about hundred ML of hot water contained in a beaker with constant, stirring.

100 ML of the sample water is taken in a conical flask, add it 20 ML of KI solution and 20 ML of one percentage bleaching solution, and is Sekhar. It is then titrated against N/20 Na2S2O3 taken in the burette until solution become yellow . Then 2ML of starch solution is added and a titrated till the blue color disappears. Repeat the titration for concordant values.

The above step is repeated with other samples of water and observations are recorded.

 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

 

Titration method is used to identify the amount of bleaching powder required to disinfect water samples.Sample one requires 0.0394 gm bleaching powder to disinfect, sample to requires 0.07368 gm bleaching powder to disinfect and sample three requires 0.09473 gm bleaching powder to disinfect 100 ml of the sample.Thus we get amount of required bleaching powder for disinfection and is bleaching powder is taken less than this amount, water will remain impure.and if it is taken excess than this , it is harmful as it may contain the toxic levels of chlorine.

The result shows that the amount of impurity in sample three is more as the amount of bleaching powder required is maximum.sample one is less polluted as the amount of bleaching powder required is minimum. 

River water is more impure than pond water than the tap water.

 

CONCLUSION 

Sterilization of water using bleaching powder is a convenient method for sterilization. It leaves on no impurities and harmful germs, if bleaching powder is taken in right amount. In this way, we can calculate the amount of bleaching powder required to beautify any sample of water and then take it in larger scale.

Thus we can say that the only cause of using litchi powder to disinfect water over any other method, is that it kills all germs and bacteria due to its chemical action and provides acid your sample of water to be used for our daily purposes or to household bleaching solutions are widely available, it is not recommended to be used for household water treatment. If which is used for a house and water treatment, concentration should be regularly checked and a proper dosage should be used as recommended by authorized organizations. So on follow in the previous instructions and the dosages, we can say that bleaching powder is the best available remedy for impure water.

REFERENCE

1. The Medical front-"Water Supply" http://www.vlib.us/medical/sancamp/water.htm 

2. "Chemistry Projects" http://www.icbse.com 

3.How to live on Very,Very Little-"Clean drinking water: How to develop low cost sources of drinking water just about anywhere" http://www.jmooneyham.com/watp.html 

4.Calcium Hypochloride http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleaching_powder 

5.Water Treatment http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

 

 

 

ATOM

The Human Eye

The eye is roughly structured in a spherical shape. The outer coat of the eye is white. It is tough so that it can protect the interior of the eye from accidents. It also is covered by the eyelid so that it can block out the excess light when needed. The eye has many parts which are described below –

Cornea

Its transparent front part is called cornea

Iris

Behind the cornea is a dark muscular structure called the iris. The size of the pupil is controlled by the iris. The iris controls the amount of light entering the eye.  Iris gives the eye its distinctive colour. For example – blue eyes, green eyes, brown eyes etc.

Pupil

In the iris is a small opening called the Pupil

Retina

The lens focuses light on a layer on the back of the eye called the retina. The retina contains several nerve cells.

Optic Nerve

Sensations felt by the nerve cells are then transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve. There are 2 kinds of cells– cones – which are sensitive to bright light and sense colour. Rods are sensitive to dim light.

Blind Spot

The junction of the optic nerve and the retina has no sensory cells so no vision is possible at that spot. Therefore it is called the blind spot.

Sometimes, particularly in old age eyesight becomes foggy due to the eye lens becoming cloudy. When this happens the person is said to have a cataract. There is a loss of vision but it is possible to treat this defect. The opaque lens is removed and a new artificial lens is inserted through technology. You may also be aware of eye problems like myopia and hypermetropia which are problems in seeing farther objects and the closer ones respectively.

Care of the Eyes

Eyes are very important sense organs and therefore it is necessary that you take proper care of your eyes. Given below are some tips on how to take care of your eyes –

• Have a regular checkup. If there is a problem with your eyes you should go to an eye specialist.
• If advised use suitable spectacles.
• Too little or too much light is bad for the eyes. Insufficient light causes strain in the eyes and headaches. Too much light, like that of the sun, a powerful lamp or a laser torch can injure the retina. Therefore do not look at the sun or a powerful light directly.
• Never rub your eyes. If particles of dust go into your eyes wash them gently with clean water. If there is no improvement go to a doctor.
• Wash your eyes with clean water frequently.
• Always read at the normal distance. Do not read by bringing the book too close to your face or keeping it too far.
• Eat a balanced diet. Lack of vitamin A in food is responsible for many eye troubles like night blindness. One should include food like raw carrots, broccoli and green vegetables (such as spinach) and cod liver oil are rich in vitamin A in the diet. Eggs, milk, curd, cheese, butter and fruits such as papaya and mango are also a rich source of vitamin A.

Visually challenged people can also learn to read and write through a special language and other helpful resources. Braille is the most popular language and resources for visually challenged people. It was invented by Louis Braille who was visually challenged himself and published in 1821. The present system was adopted in 1932. There is Braille code for common languages, mathematics and scientific notation and even many Indian languages can be read using this system.

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Morning 🌞

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